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What do you understand by the concept of development? Discuss the characteristics of underdevelopment in developing countries

 

What do you understand by the concept of development?

Development refers to the process of improving the economic, social, and political well-being of a community or country. This can include increasing economic growth and reducing poverty, improving access to education and healthcare, and promoting political stability and democracy. The concept of development is often associated with the idea of "catching up" with more developed countries and is often used to refer to the process of economic and social change in less developed countries.

However, the concept of development can also be applied to more developed countries and regions, as there is always room for improvement in terms of social and economic well-being. Additionally, the concept of development is not limited to the economic and social aspects, but also includes sustainable development which is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.


Discuss the characteristics of underdevelopment in developing countries

Underdevelopment in developing countries is characterized by a range of economic, social, and political factors. Some of the key characteristics include:

  1. Low levels of economic growth: Developing countries often have low levels of economic growth, which can lead to poverty and unemployment.
  2. High levels of inequality: Underdevelopment is often accompanied by high levels of income and wealth inequality, which can exacerbate poverty and social unrest.
  3. Limited access to education and healthcare: In underdeveloped countries, access to basic services like education and healthcare may be limited, which can impede progress in other areas.
  4. Dependence on primary commodities: Developing countries are often heavily dependent on the export of primary commodities like oil, minerals, and agricultural products, which can make them vulnerable to fluctuations in global prices and demand.
  5. Political instability and weak governance: Developing countries may be plagued by political instability, corruption, and weak governance, which can impede economic and social progress.
  6. Environmental degradation: Developing countries are often facing environmental degradation, which is caused by unsustainable economic activities such as illegal logging, mining, and agriculture, as well as increased population, urbanization and industrialization.
  7. High population growth rate: Developing countries often have high population growth rates, which can exacerbate poverty and environmental degradation, as well as put pressure on scarce resources.

These are some of the most common characteristics of underdevelopment, but it should be noted that not all developing countries share these characteristics to the same degree, and different countries may face different sets of challenges in their development process.

'Acharya Ramchandra Shukla' was born in 1884 in a village named Agona in Basti district, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father Pt. Chandrawali Shukla was a Sarayuparin Brahmin. He was a supervisor Kanungo and biased of Urdu. Shuklji had studied till the Intermediate. After this, he did the job. Then he left the job and became a teacher. He started writing in Hindi from his student life. Impressed by Shuklaji's ability, Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Kashi called him to work in the Hindi literature. Shuklaji was appointed Hindi teacher in Hindu University and later became the Head of Hindi Department. He died in 1941 AD. Following are the major compositions of Acharya Ramchandra Shukla- 'Charan Vinod', 'Radhakrishna Das', 'Chintamani Triveni', 'Surdas', 'Ras Mimamsa', 'History of Hindi literature' etc. He edited 'Bhramar Geetasar', 'Bharatendu Sahitya', 'Tulsi Granthavali' and 'Jayasi Granthavali'. The talent of Acharya Ramchandra Shukla Ji was multi-faceted. He was a great essayist, critic and thinker. He is considered the first basic critic of Hindi. His history of Hindi literature is considered to be superior in history. Acharya Ramchandra Shukla was the pride of Hindi. Full name of 'Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam' was 'Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam'. He was born on October 15, 1931 at Dhanushkothi in the temple town Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu. He was born in a poor family, but he was an exceptionally brilliant child. Kalam passed the B.Sc. examination from Saint Joseph College, Thiruchirapalli. He joined Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). His further knowledge in the field got upgraded when he joined Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) in 1958 and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1963. He is known as the Missile Man of India. The various Indian Missiles of world order like Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Agni, etc. are mainly the result of his efforts and caliber. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam became the 11th President of India. He served the country from 2002 to 2007. For his excellence and brilliance, he was awarded the prestigious Bharat Ratna in 1998; Padma Vibhushan in 1990; and Padma Bhushan in 1981. Dr Kalam expired on Monday 27 July 2015. He suddenly fell unconscious when he was delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management at Shillong. On 30 July 2015, the former President was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was mainly interested in work. He was a bachelor. He was not interested in going abroad. He wanted to serve his motherland first. He said that he thinks his first and foremost duty is to serve his motherland. He was fond of music and the Koran and the Gita. Ever since becoming the head of the Indian State, he had been having interaction with children all over the country. He was by no means a miracle man. His advice to the youngster of the nation was to "dream dream and convert these into thoughts and later into actions".
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