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Explain Mobile Internet Basics Mobile MIPv6 and Mobile MIPv4 technology

 

Mobile Internet Basics Mobile MIPv6 and Mobile MIPv4 technology

MIPv4 and MIPv6 are internet protocol versions, with IPv6 being an upgraded version of IPv4. There are several differences between the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, including their functionality, but the most important difference is the number of addresses (Address space) that they create.

The major differences between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6 include the following: 1) Mobile IPv4 foreign agents provide a local mobility agent function for a mobile node that has roamed into a foreign network. Mobile IPv6 does not require a local mobility anchor, so no foreign agent exists in a Mobile IPv6 network.


What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

The Internet Protocol is a set of rules that allows our computers to communicate via the Internet. IP addresses are basically in charge of directing the data packets to their correct destinations. IP controls all Internet traffic. Data packets containing the IP addresses of their points of origin and destinations travel on the Internet.

When you type an URL on your browser, a data packet including your IP address is transmitted to the web server's IP address, and the website corresponding to the URL is then served back to your device over the Internet.


What is MIPv4?

IPv4 is a major protocol in the TCIP/IP suite. IPv4 addresses provide a way to uniquely identify the hosts in a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit logical addresses. Depending on the network type, there are various ways to configure IPv4 with multiple devices, including manual and automatic configurations.

IPv4 uses the best-effort model, which means it does not guarantee delivery of data to a host or avoid duplicate delivery.

For Ethernet communication, IPv4 uses five classes of 32-bit addresses − A, B, C, D, and E. The bit length for addressing the network host differs between Classes A, B, and C. Multicasting is reserved for class D addresses, whereas future use is reserved for class E addresses. IPv4 has a limit of 4.20 × 109 host addresses that it can allocate to end-users.


What is MIPv6?

As the popularity of the Internet grew in the 1990s, it was soon realized that the number of IP addresses that IPv4 can create is restricted, and it will get exhausted. Hence, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6, which is a better and upgraded version of IPv4 that was intended to replace IPv4 eventually.

Mobile IPv6 provides mobility support for IPv6. It allows you to keep the same internet address all over the world, and allows applications using that address to maintain transport and upper-layer connections when changing locations. It allows mobility across homogenous and heterogeneous media.

Since IPv6 lacks particular routing protocol support, it relies solely on static routes. As a result, it is less popular than IPv4. In IPv4, widespread use of NAT (Network Address Translation) devices allows a single NAT address to mask thousands of addresses, enhancing end-to-end integrity and performance.

IPv6 provides 128-bit IP addresses, which means it can generate 3.4 × 1038 addresses. In layman's terms, it can generate trillions of trillions of IP addresses. IPv6 reserves blocks of numbers for particular purposes. It prohibits using specific numbers entirely, so the total number of IPv6 addresses should be slightly less. Nonetheless, the amount of IPv6 addresses is almost endless, so there would be no dearth of IP addresses in the future.

IPv6 addresses follow the same design principles. The addresses are divided into eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. Most IPv6 addresses do not use all of their 128 bits, resulting in fields that are either entirely zeros or are padded with zeros. The two colons (::) can represent a contiguous 16-bit field of zeros in IPv6 addressing scheme.

Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6

IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol version 4 and internet protocol version 6, IP version 6 is the new version of Internet Protocol, which is way better than IP version 4 in terms of complexity and efficiency.

Difference Between MIPv4 and MIPv6:

MIPv4MIPv6
IPv4 has 32-bit address lengthIPv6 has 128-bit address length
It Supports Manual and DHCP address configurationIt supports Auto and renumbering address configuration
In IPv4 end to end connection integrity is UnachievableIn IPv6 end to end connection integrity is Achievable
It can generate 4.29×109 address spaceAddress space of IPv6 is quite large it can produce 3.4×1038 address space
Security feature is dependent on applicationIPSEC is inbuilt security feature in the IPv6 protocol
Address representation of IPv4 in decimalAddress Representation of IPv6 is in hexadecimal
Fragmentation performed by Sender and forwarding routersIn IPv6 fragmentation is performed only by sender
In IPv4 Packet flow identification is not availableIn IPv6 packetflow identification are Available and uses flow label field in the header
In IPv4 checksumfield is availableIn IPv6 checksumfield is not available
It has broadcast Message Transmission SchemeIn IPv6 multicast and any cast message transmission scheme is available
In IPv4 Encryption and Authentication facility not providedIn IPv6 Encryption and Authentication are provided

Conclusion

IPv4 creates 4.20 × 109 unique network addresses, which is insufficient in number, and as a result, the Internet is running out of space. IP version 6 (IPv6), on the other hand, generates 3.4 × 1038 addresses and provides a scalable and adaptable solution to the existing issue.

IPv6 is more compatible to mobile networks than IPv4. IPv6 allows for bigger payloads than what is allowed in IPv4. IPv6 is used by less than 1% of the networks, while IPv4 is still in use by the remaining 99%.

'Acharya Ramchandra Shukla' was born in 1884 in a village named Agona in Basti district, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father Pt. Chandrawali Shukla was a Sarayuparin Brahmin. He was a supervisor Kanungo and biased of Urdu. Shuklji had studied till the Intermediate. After this, he did the job. Then he left the job and became a teacher. He started writing in Hindi from his student life. Impressed by Shuklaji's ability, Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Kashi called him to work in the Hindi literature. Shuklaji was appointed Hindi teacher in Hindu University and later became the Head of Hindi Department. He died in 1941 AD. Following are the major compositions of Acharya Ramchandra Shukla- 'Charan Vinod', 'Radhakrishna Das', 'Chintamani Triveni', 'Surdas', 'Ras Mimamsa', 'History of Hindi literature' etc. He edited 'Bhramar Geetasar', 'Bharatendu Sahitya', 'Tulsi Granthavali' and 'Jayasi Granthavali'. The talent of Acharya Ramchandra Shukla Ji was multi-faceted. He was a great essayist, critic and thinker. He is considered the first basic critic of Hindi. His history of Hindi literature is considered to be superior in history. Acharya Ramchandra Shukla was the pride of Hindi. Full name of 'Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam' was 'Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam'. He was born on October 15, 1931 at Dhanushkothi in the temple town Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu. He was born in a poor family, but he was an exceptionally brilliant child. Kalam passed the B.Sc. examination from Saint Joseph College, Thiruchirapalli. He joined Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). His further knowledge in the field got upgraded when he joined Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) in 1958 and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1963. He is known as the Missile Man of India. The various Indian Missiles of world order like Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Agni, etc. are mainly the result of his efforts and caliber. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam became the 11th President of India. He served the country from 2002 to 2007. For his excellence and brilliance, he was awarded the prestigious Bharat Ratna in 1998; Padma Vibhushan in 1990; and Padma Bhushan in 1981. Dr Kalam expired on Monday 27 July 2015. He suddenly fell unconscious when he was delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management at Shillong. On 30 July 2015, the former President was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was mainly interested in work. He was a bachelor. He was not interested in going abroad. He wanted to serve his motherland first. He said that he thinks his first and foremost duty is to serve his motherland. He was fond of music and the Koran and the Gita. Ever since becoming the head of the Indian State, he had been having interaction with children all over the country. He was by no means a miracle man. His advice to the youngster of the nation was to "dream dream and convert these into thoughts and later into actions".
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